Please respond to the following responses Below.****** (D1, D2) ******Please cite / reference TEXTBOOK: Vito, G.F. & Maahs, J.R. (2015). Criminology:Theory, Research & Policy (4th ed.). Burlington, M.A.: Jones & Bartlett Learning. ******D1. What is Marxist criminology? How (if at all) does it differ from radical criminology? From critical criminology? Does the Marxist perspective hold any significance for contemporary American society? Why? Marxist criminology focuses on the conflict among the three socioeconomic classes. The three classes are capitalist, bourgeoisie, and the proletariat. The capitalist is people who own the means of production and exploit the surplus labor of others. The bourgeoisie is those who hold salary and management positions (middle class) and the proletariat comprise of the working class. Marxists believed the enactment and enforcement of laws as an outgrowth of the conflicts created by unequal distribution of power. Marxist criminology and radical criminology are related to one another. Both theories focus on different class distinctions and how they use their power/prestige to control the lower class and stay above the law. Critical criminology is a theoretical perspective that focuses on challenging traditional understanding and uncovering false beliefs about crime and criminal justice. Yes, the Marxist perspective holds significance for American society because it’s evident among members in a society that class distinction can play a huge role in criminal behavior. The poor are staying poor and the rich are getting richer. ******D2. What are the fundamental propositions of feminist criminology? How would feminists change the study of crime? [Be sure to outline the five types of feminism in the response] The fundamental propositions of feminist criminology are postmodern feminist questions the social construction of crime and justice, radical sees patriarchy as being the cause of the increase in women’s oppression, social sees gender oppression as a consequence, marxist sees oppression of women and believes its caused by their subordinate class, lastly, liberal is a feminist perspective in criminology that views gender role socialization as the primary source of women’s oppression. Feminist criminology is a corrective model that alters and redirects the mainstream thinking feminist can change the study of crime by possibly removing general boundaries and gender social structures and view crime in a more equal and fair way amongst the offender and victim. The feminist theory also focuses on promoting women’s rights and interests. Females have always had it tough which also led to one of the most powerful movements ‘The Women’s Suffrage Movement’ which began back in 1848.
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