Answer ONE of the following three questions:1. “It is impossible […] that any arguments from experiencecan prove [the] resemblance of the past to the future”(Hume 1748 / 2007, 27). Clarify Hume’s argument for thisclaim. How could one defend the possibility of inductive reasoning against Hume’s criticism?2. Duhem argues that crucial experiments in physics areimpossible. Summarize Duhem’s main arguments for thisthesis. Is there a way to defend the possibility of crucial experiments in physics against Duhem’s criticism? If yes,how? If not, why not3. Carnap argues that psychological terms (e.g. ‘angry’) arereducible to observable thing‐predicates (e.g. ‘hot’,‘heavy’). Clarify Carnap’s main argument for this claim,and discuss a potential objection to his argument• 800 words recommended length (maximum allowed: 1000)• Due Wednesday October 2nd• DOC, DOCX or PDF file onlyStructure:• title of essay• (No need for introduction)• Descriptive part:(about 300 words)• Critical part:1. Present one objection to author’s view and argue for it (about 200 words) 2. Present and discuss one reply to the objection (about 200 words)• Conclusion: highlight a key insight arising from the objection and reply (about 100 words)• References (not included in word count• Cite: APA Style• Be clear, concise and to the point• In critical part, use best objection you can think of, and best reply you can think of• Use examples whenever this clarifies the discussion• A good objection engages with the argument in the texto Provides reasons, not just opinions or intuitionso Deals with the author’s arguments, not just with their conclusiono Interprets the author’s view charitably, i.e. interprets the author’s argument in a manner that makes it most convincing
