1. Please read and summarize the purpose below and then provide a short discussion of the organization of the chapter. Use 6 other references and include the ones below 2. Include several subheadings that are specific to this topic. To include weight, health, increased energy, illness, low income, high energy snacks, food programs, parenting styles and practices 3. To ensure that the study is relevant, current, and warranted references must be to peer-reviewed research that was published within the last 5 years Chapter 2: Literature Review Impact of Snacks on Childrens Behavior through Parental Dietary Influence The purpose of this study is to understand how parent-provided after-school snacks play a role in childrens behavior because. This chapter discusses how obesity and weight gain have persistently presented significant health concerns to children worldwide. In recent decades, child snacking has been on the rise since excessive intake of energy is a key driver for childrens inappropriate weight gain (Blaine, Kachurak, Davison, Klabunde, & Fisher, 2017). Although childhood obesity and snacking are equivocal and limited, studies suggest that those who are constantly snacking have poorer quality diets, consume greater energy, and are at risk of developing chronic diseases. This makes it important for researchers to investigate the causes of the increase in snacking. This chapter also goes on to address how evidence shows that the environment a child is exposed to, including home, school, and other community settings (Blaine, et al., 2017), is the main influence. In home settings, parents determine what their children consume and regulate child eating by determining the kind of food available in the house. Yee, Lwin, and Ho, (2017) discusses parental impact on child food intake behavior in promoting healthy practice. Even though the parental impact on the weight status and overall eating behaviors in children has been comprehensively investigated, the effect of food parenting practices and styles on childrens snack food intake and behavior has received little attention. Currently, evidence shows that parents have to strike a balance between regulating childrens appetite and supporting their unique food practices, providing structured eating occasions and healthful foods, and setting reasonable limits. Davison, et al. (2015) identify four domains particular to parental snack feeding, such as autonomy support, structure, permissiveness, and coercive control. Coercive control practices addressed by Blaine, et al., 2017 have been associated with increased weight, lower diet quality, and increased energy intake in children , and they might be especially helpful in the snacking context, as studies reveal that young childrens parents, normally utilize snacks as instruments for managing behaviors of children. Permissive practices have been linked to elevated body mass index and excessive energy intake among children (Blaine, et al., 2017). Further disscussion by Birch and Allison (2014) and Black, et al. (2013) address eating habits in children and suggest that unrestricted access to portability and low cost of numerous snack foods in the home might be a challenge, therefore, positive food parenting, which gives structure and autonomy support, has been proposed to foster healthy eating habits in children. Moreover, although parents are likely to influence their child’s dietary snacks, the influence of the childrens diets by the parents may depend on eating habits as well as the age of the children (Wang, van der Horst, K., Jacquier, & Eldridge, 2016). Despite the limited results describing parental practices and lack of clarity regarding their effect on childrens snacking intake, it is likely that the overall parenting practices show differential effects on snack foods quality which children consume. The review of the literature and research findings of the studies examines resources whom discuss the comparisons, contrasts, and similarities in regard to impact of controlling snack eating among children by their parents. Some of these subtopics include Parental Styles, low income, high energy snacks, parental comparison in snacking, food programs, price branding, and eating, physical activity, and the impact of snacking late among others.
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