“Based on the below write up, please research if there are any security concerns using SPO2 level to monitor/detect sleep apnea and what they are?. Research if it is in compliant with HIPPA regulations and how?”BELOW WRITE UP.What is SPO2?When breaking down SPO2, one needs to note that the S means saturation while the P means pulse. O2 in the word stands for oxygen, but SP can also mean serum pressure. The body’s hemoglobin cells need to get measured, and thus the SP02 measures the oxygen levels getting carried around the circulatory system by the red blood cells (Mortz 01). The SP02 device, therefore, helps measure how well a patient is breathing as well as how effectively blood is getting transported from one part of the body to the other. The measurement is in percentages, and a typical healthy adult reads at 96%. The SP02 uses a pulse oximeter which has a probe as well as a computerized monitor. The patient’s toe, finger, or even earlobe or nostril is attached to the probe, and the oxygen saturation levels then get communicated to the connected monitor. As the saturation decreases, so does the tone of the signal. The device also has an alarm that alerts the user regarding high/low pulse rates and saturation levels.The LevelThe level when it comes to SPO2 refers to the amount of oxygen saturation detected in the arteries. What that means, therefore, is that the SPO2 is concerned with the arteries’ oxygen saturation and not the saturation of oxygen in the veins (Mortz 01). The reason for that is that the SPO2 measures the pulsatile flow’s light absorption more easily detected in the arteries. Failure to detect the pulse, limitation of the pulse, or even obstruction of the pulse would mean that the saturation levels’ detection would be inaccurate (Durlinger et al., 201). Applying a blood pressure cuff at the same time as the SPO2, for instance, would give you the wrong results since the cuff acts as an obliterator, either cutting off the pulse or slowing it down, thus giving the incorrect information (Durlinger et al. 201). Anything below 95% and above 96% should get investigated.The Different Types of Health Problems Detected by the SPO2 deviceThe SPO2 monitors the person’s health and any problem related to the heart and the movement of oxygen in the bloodstream, and thus, it detects any problems. Among the ailments that it detects are pneumonia, asthma, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), anemia, congenital defects of the heart, and heart failure/attack.Other Problems Detected through SPO2 monitoringThe device may help indicate if a person needs help breathing, how effective a lung medication is, how effective a ventilator is, and how well a person can tolerate increased activity. The device may also come in handy in monitoring oxygen levels after surgeries that involve patient sedation (Durlinger et al. 201). In new treatments, the SPO2 can be used to measure the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen therapy. It can also help in the diagnosis of sleep apnea to determine whether individuals stop breathing while sleeping.How SPO2 monitoring is used to diagnose health problemsThe process of diagnosis through the SPO2 is painless and straightforward. The tests results are also typically accurate with an error margin of ±2 where there is no interruption due to temperature, movement or even nail polish in the process, meaning a 90% reading may be ranging from 88% to 92%. When a test shows 92%, the doctor must conduct further tests since it could mean hypoxemia potentially. Hypoxemia is a deficiency in oxygen that sees some tissues get deprived of oxygen. With the test results out, the doctor/practitioner must examine them to determine if there is a necessity of further tests or even treatment (Gotter 01). In oxygen therapy, for instance, if the test results are low, the doctor will know that there is a need for more oxygen. The caregiver/practitioner gets trained on what to diagnose or instruct depending on the results shown on the SPO2 device, and thus it is very reliable as a diagnostic instrument.Works CitedDurlinger, E. M. J., et al. “Hyperoxia: At what level of SpO2 is a patient safe? A study in mechanically ventilated ICU patients.” Journal of critical care 39 (2017): 199-204.Mortz, Margaret S. “Pulse oximetry SpO2 determination.” U.S. Patent No. 6,987,994. 17 Jan. 2006.Gotter, A. (2017). Pulse Oximetry: Uses, Readings, and How It Works. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/pulse-oximetry#whats-nextSPO2 Monitoring in the Detection of Sleep ApneaThe rationale for using pulse oximetry (SPO2) is to determine how sound one’s heart is propelling oxygen via one’s bodily blood vessels. The device might equally be utilized to observe the wellbeing of patients with any health condition that can impact on oxygen levels of the blood, particularly during their stay in the hospital as in-patients. Some common conditions that pulse oximetry (SPO2) helps include pneumonia, asthma, anemia, congenital heart defects, or heart failure, among other ailments. In the same token, SPO2 monitoring can be used to assess whether an individual temporarily discontinues breathing while they are resting like in instances of sleep apnea especially during a sleep review/study (Haoyu et al. 69).Using sleep as an Android alarm clock application, the above can be achieved since the app can utilize Stress Locator SPO2 without integration hitches. The application monitors one’s sleep patterns then tries to establish the best time for the individual to wake up. After sleeping, the app notes one’s respiratory distress index/respiratory disturbance index (RDI) with the associated gravity scoring. Any RDI tally above 15/hour is taken into account as a considerable indication of a sleep concern, thus seeking help particularly by way of a sleep lab is highly advised. Tracking of sleep allows an individual to assess the significance of his sleep. At night, a person’s body traverses through several cycles of sleep intervals. Sleep as Android™ utilizes its sensors (accelerometer or sonar) to engender a chart of these cyclic intervals. It makes use of a person’s handset sensors to appraise the number and intensity of movements while sleeping at night. The sensor from the application utilizes both an accelerator (calculates the degree of one’s sleep activities by a tiny electro-mechanic implement that is available in all Smartphone). As well as sonar, (this calculates one’s movements during sleep through low-ultrasonic frequencies that navigate through the air (Haoyu et al. 77). Such can monitor one’s breathing activity, besides mapping the rest such activity.SPO2 Monitoring in the Detection of Sleep ApneaThe rationale for using pulse oximetry (SPO2) is to determine how sound one’s heart is propelling oxygen via one’s bodily blood vessels. The device might equally be utilized to observe the wellbeing of patients with any health condition that can impact on oxygen levels of the blood, particularly during their stay in the hospital as in-patients. Some common conditions that pulse oximetry (SPO2) helps include pneumonia, asthma, anemia, congenital heart defects, or heart failure, among other ailments. In the same token, SPO2 monitoring can be used to assess whether an individual temporarily discontinues breathing while they are resting like in instances of sleep apnea especially during a sleep review/study (Haoyu et al. 69).Using sleep as an Android alarm clock application, the above can be achieved since the app can utilize Stress Locator SPO2 without integration hitches. The application monitors one’s sleep patterns then tries to establish the best time for the individual to wake up. After sleeping, the app notes one’s respiratory distress index/respiratory disturbance index (RDI) with the associated gravity scoring. Any RDI tally above 15/hour is taken into account as a considerable indication of a sleep concern, thus seeking help particularly by way of a sleep lab is highly advised. Tracking of sleep allows an individual to assess the significance of his sleep. At night, a person’s body traverses through several cycles of sleep intervals. Sleep as Android™ utilizes its sensors (accelerometer or sonar) to engender a chart of these cyclic intervals. It makes use of a person’s handset sensors to appraise the number and intensity of movements while sleeping at night. The sensor from the application utilizes both an accelerator (calculates the degree of one’s sleep activities by a tiny electro-mechanic implement that is available in all Smartphone). As well as sonar, (this calculates one’s movements during sleep through low-ultrasonic frequencies that navigate through the air (Haoyu et al. 77). Such can monitor one’s breathing activity, besides mapping the rest such activity.Work CitedHaoyu, Li, et al. “An IoMT cloud-based real-time sleep apnea detection scheme by using the SpO2 estimation supported by heart rate variability.” Future Generation Computer Systems 98 (2019): 69-77.
